Warped floor building construction



Aug. 16, 1966 E. M. KHOURY WARPED FLOOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 5Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 25, 1963 9 3, $14. Y M 2m m 1 u i m U N E Wu 0M N m2)- mu N Na Wu m 2 m n T A n Aug. 16, 1966 E. M. KHOURY WARPEDFLOOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 23, 1963 EsA M,KHoL/RV INVENTOR.

ATTO RN EVS Aug. 16, 1966 E. M. KHOURY WARPED FLOOR BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed July 25, 1963 ISA M. Kym/2 INVENTOR.

AT TORNE VS United States Patent 3,266,205 WARPED FLOOR BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION Esa M. Khoury, 20401 Napa St., Canoga Park, Calif. FiledJuly 23, 1963, Ser. No. 297,141 8 Claims. (Cl. 52-475) This inventionhas to do with multistory buildings particularly suitable for use asgarages for the parking of vehicles and embodying warped floor sectionswhich merge into inclines in a manner such that a vehicle can be drivenup or down in the building from floor to floor. This general type ofbuilding is disclosed and claimed in my United States Letters Patent No.2,960,732, wherein a basic construction is disclosed and claimed whichutilizes hyperbolic paraboloidal sections.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improvement upon themultistory building disclosed in my said patent embodying a novelcombination of inclines and warped floor sections which can be readilyand economically constructed and which are so arranged as to provide acontinuous ramp or floor means for driving a vehicle up or down fromfloor to floor.

Another object is to provide such a construction which may be utilizedto provide straight exterior building lines disposed either horizontallylevel or inclined.

A further object is to provide a construction of the type indicatedwhich makes it possible for a vehicle to ascend or descend two or morefloors at a time by a path in which the vehicle turns through a completecircle laterally.

Still another object is to provide a construction which is adaptable inwhole or in part to various building sites and which makes it possibleto provide several separate trafiic paths into and throughout thebuilding, thereby eliminating congestion or trafiic interference.

These and other objects will be apparent from the drawings and thefollowing description. Referring to the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic isometric view of a building embodying one formof the invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view;

FIG. 3 is a section on line 3-3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a section on line 44 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic isometric view of a basic building unit;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a hyperbolic paraboloid;

FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic isometric view of an alternate form of theinvention; and

FIG. 8 is a cross section on line 8-8 of FIG. 7.

More particularly describing the invention, referring first to FIGS.1-4, I show a multistory building 11 cornprising a plurality ofsuperposed floors 12 and these may be supported upon columns (not shown)such as illustrated in my aforementioned patent, or upon walls (notshown) or a combination of each. Each floor is shown as having a levelperimeter area consisting of side sections 13 and 14 and end sections 15and 16. The broken lines 17, 18, 19 and 20 designate the innerboundaries of the perimeter sections, respectively. These sections areall in the same plane and the plane may be horizontal as shown, or ifdesired, it may be tilted at an angle to the horizontal to suit anyparticular building site or specifications. While the building has beenshown as provided with these level or planar perimeter sections, none ofthese is essential and one or more or all may be omitted. However, thesesections are desirable for the aforementioned purpose of providingstraight level exterior building lines, and for the purpose of providinga flat area convenient for parking vehicles and for other purposes.

3,266,205 Patented August 16, 1965 In my US. Patent No. 2,960,732 I showa basic construction wherein pairs of oppositely warped adjacenthyperbolic paraboloidal floor sections are used in conjunction withinclines to form a continuous ramp means from floor to floor of thebuilding. In its simplest form an inclined floor section merges with theinclined edges of a pair of such rectangular hyperbolic paraboloidalwarped floor sections, one of which extends down a half story from onefloor and the other of which extends up a half story from the floorbelow, and a connecting floor section is employed at the opposite edgesof the pair of warped floor sections to give access one to the other.This is shown in FIG. 1 of the patent. By combining two such basic unitsso that the inclined floor sections thereof are merged into one, asshown in FIG. 5 of the patent and FIG. 5 of this application, arectangular combined unit is formed which has all its outer edges in thesame plane. In FIG. 5 the upwardly warped hyperbolic paraboloidalsections are designated 22F while the downwardly warped ones aredesignated 23P. The inclined sections are designated 25P. In my presentinvention I utilize this latter or combined unit, with certainalterations, to form various structures having advantages far beyondthose of the combined unit alone.

Referring now particularly to FIG. 1 hereof, the structure may bedivided for the purpose of description into three sections, namely, afirst end section, designated A, a middle section, designated B, and asecond end section, designated C. On each floor, each of these sectionsincludes a pair of upwardly warped hyperbolic parabolodial sections 22and a pair of downwardly warped hyperbolic paraboloidal sections 23.Between each pair of warped sections I provide an incline 25 whichmerges at its lateral edges with the warped sections. These inclinesextend from one peripheral side section or surface 13 at one floorelevation to the other peripheral side section 14 at the next higher orlower floor elevation, except as where it terminates short thereof as inthe case of the sections 25 of the upper floor. In this connection itshould be noted that the center incline slopes oppositely to the othertwo inclines. If the end perimeter sections 15 and 16 are omitted ordisregarded, it will be seen that the three sections A, B and C areidentical, but that the middle section B is turned with respect to theother two sections.

As heretofore indicated, the warped sections may be described as ofhyperbolic paraboloidal form. By way of explaining the expression ofhyperbolic paraboloidal form as used herein, reference is made now toFIG. 6. The horizontal plane AC'E'G' thereof contains the generatrices1' parallel to the y axis and h parallel to the x axis. If thi surfaceor plane is warped by vertically depressing the corners A and E to A andE, respectively, and the i generatrices pivot about the fixed axis FOBwhile the h generatrices pivot about axis HOD, the resulting warpedsurface ACEG is a conventional hyperbolic paraboloid. It will beapparent that the warped surface contains two systems of straight linesit and i which are parallel to the planes XOZ and YOZ, respectively, andthus may be readily constructed. The sections 22 and 23 which I utilizemay be seen each to comprise a quarter section of the entire hyperbolicparaboloid ACEG of the diagram. Thus sections 22 each correspond to theportion BCDO while ections 23 each correspond to the portion ABOH. Wherethe sections 22 and 23 join or merge as between the inclines 25,together each area 22, 23 corresponds to a half section of the entirehyperbolic paraboloid or ACDH. However, it is common in the engineeringand construction industry to term any portion of the entire figure ACEGa hyperbolic paraboloid whether it be a quarter, a half or other majorfraction of the whole.

It will be understood that the floor sections below those visible inFIGS. 1 and 2 correspond with the latter, being spaced one floor apartvertically. In other words, the floor sections are tiered or superposedfrom bottom to top of the building. It will also be apparent that theWarped sections 22 and 23 act as transitional sections between the levelperimeter areas and the inclines.

With the construction thus far described a vehicle may ascend'or descendtwo floors at a time by making one complete path of revolution. Thus,assuming a vehicle starts at the head of the center incline 25 at S1 andfollows the path designated 30 downwardly to a point directly under S1,it will be two floors below S1. In this connection it should be notedthat this is based upon the premise that each quarter section 22 and 23is vertically warped one-half floor or story.

As previously indicated, the flat perimeter areas are not essential butonly a convenience. It will also be appreciated that an operativebuilding results if constructed to include only two sets of inclines 25and the superposed pairs of the oppositely wampod tnansi-tion sections(sections 22 and 23, for example) therebetween. Also, a building may beconstructed to include all three sets of inclines but not including theendmost sections 22 and 23 or level sections and 16 therebe'yond.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, I show a building structure 40 embodyinganother form of the invention which in essence comprises two of thestructures of FIG. 1 combined but with the perimeter areas 13, 14, 15and 16deleted. In FIGS. 7 and 8, areas or floor sections whichcorrespond to those in FIGS. 14 are designated by the same referencenumerals except that these are distinguished by the letter A. Structure40 is shown as having three inclines 25A on each floor and a pluralityof warped sections 22A and 23A. The latter are combined in the samemanner as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but, as previously indicated, the structureof FIG. 7 is in essence two of the structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 combinedor merged in side-to-side relation. Thus, the portion of the structure'of FIG. 7 on either side of the longitudinal axis L will be seen tocorrespond to the portion of the structure of FIGS. 1 and 2 inwardly ofthe flat perimeter areas 13, 14, 15 and 16.

In the structure 40, quarter sections, half sections, and wholehyperbolic paraboloids are used in combination with the inclines. Thusthe sections 22A and 23A at the four corners are each a quarter sectionof a hyperbolic paraboloid. Along each side of the structure betweeninclines where the sections 22A and 23A merge the combined area is ahalf section of a hyperbolic paraboloid. The two rectangular centralareas between the inclines are each made up of two sections 22A and twosections 23A, forming a complete hyperbolic paraboloid as shown in FIG.5.

In order to illustrate the basic structure, no fiat perimeter areas areshown in FIGS. 7 and 8, but it will be apparent that these can be addedat the ends and sides as desired. Also, since the drawings are largelydiagrammatic, no supports have been shown for the floors, but, aspreviously mentioned, columns and walls can be used where desired. Itwould be desirable to employ vertical supporting walls extendinglongitudinally of the structure between the incline and along theoppositely inclined edges of the warped sections.

The structure shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 provides a multiplicity of traflicpaths which relieve congestion and at the same time makes it possiblefor an automobile to be driven as much as four floors vertically in asingle 360 path. Also, a vehicle may be driven one, two, or three floorsat a time.

Although I have shown and described preferred forms of my invention, Icontemplate that various changes and modifications can be made thereinwithout departing from the invention, the scope of which is indicated bythe following claims.

I claim:

1. In a multistory building, a plurality of superposed, verticallyspaced floors formed to provide continuous rarnp means extending fromfloor to floor, comprising a first tier of vertically spaced inclines, asecond tier of vertically spaced inclines, said tiers being in parallelplanes and spaced laterally a substantial distance, the inclines of saidfirst tier sloping similarly to each other, the inclines of said secondtier sloping similarly to each other but oppositely to those of saidfirst tier, a first tier of vertically spaced rectangular hyperbolicparaboloidal transition sections extending between individual inclinesof said tiers of inclines, respectively, a second tier of verticallyspaced, rectangular, hyperbolic paraboloidal transition sectionsextending between individual inclines of said tiers of inclinesrespectively, said transition sectons extending parallel to each otherwith the sections of one tier being warped oppositely to those of theother tier, the corners of greatest deflection of said sections of onetier being adjacent the corners of greatest deflection of the othertier.

2. The structure set forth in claim 1 in which two tiers of parallel,rectangular, oppositely warped hyperbolic paraboloidal sections areprovided marginal to and beyond each tier of said inclines and inalignment with the tiers of said transition sections.

3. The structure of claim 1 in which opposite pairs of transitionsections have outer margins disposed in a common plane.

4. The structure of claim 1 wherein an identical structure is joinedthereto in side-by-side relation therewith with the inclines of saididentical structure forming continuations of the inclines of thestructure or claim 1.

5. In a multistory building, a plurality of super-posed, verticallyspaced floors formed to provide continuous ramp means extending fromfloor to floor, comprising three tiers of vertically spaced inclines,said tiers being in parallel planes and being laterally spaced, theinclines of each tier sloping similarly to each other with the inclinesof the intermediate tier sloping oppositely to the inclines of the othertiers, a first tier of vertically spaced rectangular hyperbolicparaboloidal transition sections extending between individual inclinesof each of said other of said tiers of inclines and said individualinclines of said intermediate tier of inclines, a second tier ofvertically spaced, rectangular, hyperbolic paraboloidal transitionsections extending between individual inclines of each of said other ofsaid tiers of inclines and said individual inclines of said intermediatetier of inclines, said transition of sections of laterally adjacenttiers extending in parallel planes with the sections of one tier beingwarped oppositely to those of the laterally adjacent tier, the cornersof greatest deflection of said transition sections of one tier beingadjacent the corners of greatest deflection of the other laterallyadjacent tier.

6. The structure set forth in claim 1 wherein an identical structure isjoined thereto in side-by-side relation with the inclines of saidstructure forming contin'ua'tions of the inclines of the structure ofclaim 1.

7. In a multistory building, a plurality of superposed vertically spacedfloors formed to provide continuous ramp means extending from floor tofloor, two tiers of full-hyperbolic paraboloid center floor sections, acenter tier of inclines between and merged with said floor sections, atier of end inclines at the end of and merged with the floor sections ofeach tier of full-hyperbolic parabolic floor sections, said lastmentioned tiers of inclines being inclined oppositely to said centertier of inclines, and a tier of half-hyperbolic paraboloid side floorsections at each side of each tier of full-hyperbolic Ii 0 paraboloidsections and merging with the inclines of an end tier of inclines andwith the inclines of said center tier of inclines, said half-hyperbolicparaboloid floor sections being Warped oppositely to the adjacent floorsections of said full hyperbolic paraboloid floor sections. 8. Thebuilding set forth in claim 7 in which a tier of half-hyperbolicparaboloid floor sections is provided beyond each tier of end inclinesand in alignment With said tiers of full-hyperbolic paraboloid floorsections and in which a corner tier of quarter-hyperbolic paraboloidfloor sections is provided beyond each of said tiers of end inclines.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,110,305 3/1938Moore 52l75 2,960,732 11/1960 Khoury 52-175 OTHER REFERENCESArchitectural Record, April 1947, pages 125128 inelusive.

10 FRANK L. ABBOTT, Primary Examiner.

J. E. MURTAGH, Assistant Examiner.

1. IN A MULTISTORY BUILDING, A PLURALITY OF SUPERPOSED, VERTICALLYSPACED FLOORS FORMED TO PROVIDE CONTINUOUS RAMP MEANS EXTENDING FROMFLOOR TO FLOOR, COMPRISING A FIRST TIER OF VERTICALLY SPACED INCLINES, ASECOND TIER OF VERTICALLY SPACED INCLINES, SAID TIRES BEING IN PARALLELPLANES AND SPACED LATERALLY A SUBSTANTIALY DISTANCE, THE INCLINES OFSAID FIRST LIER SLOPING SIMILARLY TO EACH OTHER, THE INCLINES OF SAIDSECOND TIER SLOPING SIMILARLY TO EACH OTHER BUT OPPOSITELY TO THOSE OFSAID FIRST TIER, A FIRST TIER OF VERTICALLY SPACED RECTANGULARHYPERBOLIC PARABOLOIDAL TRANSITION SECTIONS EXTENDING BETWEEN INDIVIDUALINCLINES OF SAID TIERS OF INCLINES, RESPECTIVELY, A SECOND TIER OFVERTICALLY SPACED, RECTANGULAR, HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOIDAL TRANSITIONSECTIONS EXTENDING BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL INCLINES OF SAID TIERS OF INCLINESRESPECTIVELY, SAID TRANSITION SECTONS EXTENDING PARALLEL TO EACH OTHERWITH THE SECTIONS OF ONE TIER BEING WARPED OPPOSITELY TO THOSE OF THEOTHER TIER, THE CORNERS OF GREATEST DEFLECTION OF SAID SECTIONS OF ONETIER BEING ADJACENT THE CORNERS OF GREATEST DEFLECTION OF THE OTHERTIER.